How Immune System Works-Explained

How Immune System Works?

We are getting to discuss how our system works. But before we jump to our topic we've to understand what's the Immune System.

The Immune System

The Immune System may be a complex network of cells and proteins that defend the body against infection. The Immune System keeps a record of each germ (microbe) it's ever defeated, so, it can recognize and destroy the microbe quickly if it enters the body again.

Types of Immune System

1. Innate Immune System

The Innate Immune System is actually made from barriers that aim to stay viruses, bacteria, parasites, and other foreign particles out of your body or limit their ability to spread and move throughout the body. The innate system includes Physical Barriers.

2. Adaptive system

The adaptive system also mentioned because the Acquired Immune System, maybe a subsystem of the system that's composed of specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate pathogens by preventing their growth.

3. Passive Immune System

Passive immunity is the transfer of active humoral immunity of ready-made antibodies. Acquired immunity can occur naturally, when maternal antibodies are transferred to the fetus through the placenta, and it also can be induced artificially, when high levels of antibodies specific to a pathogen or toxin (obtained from humans, horses, or other animals) are transferred to non-immune persons through blood products that contain antibodies, like in immunoglobulin therapy or antiserum therapy.

How Immune System Works: Process

Innate Immune System prevents pathogens to enter into our body in several ways(Image Given Below)

If pathogens enter our body different cells start working.

Mast Cell, when encounters pathogens, releases a chemical called histamine which causes swelling within the infected area.

Phagocytes roam around our bodies to seek out pathogens. There are mainly three sorts of phagocytes:

1. Neutrophils: It eats the pathogen. After eating that pathogen, it also dies. This dead neutrophils cause pus accumulation.
2. Macrophages: It also eats the pathogen but it dies after eating almost 90 to 100 pathogens.
3. Dendritic Cells: It collects antigens released by pathogens, and provides it to T-Cells.

Here starts the Adaptive Immune System. T-Cells Start killing these pathogens.

T-Cells are of two types(Image Below):

Cytotoxic T-Cells: It kills pathogens.

1. Helper T-Cells: It helps cytotoxic t-cell killing these pathogens. It also has types: 1. Effector T-Cells: It collects antigens. 2. Memory T-Cells: It creates records of antigens to secure an individual from the attack of an equivalent pathogen.

Like T-Cells, there's another cell named B-Cells. It creates antibodies for these antigens. These antibodies get locked with antigens and works as a tag. Macrophages start eating these tagged cells.